《德川家康》、裹脚布及迷你裤
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．裹脚布——山冈庄八《德川家康》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每个故事都有个开端，有些开端却用了一本书的篇幅。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山冈庄八的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">卷《德川家康》，在长达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">392</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页的第一部中，直到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">97</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页第十二节，竹千代（幼年的德川家康）才诞生，之后第一卷再也没有见过他的身影。偶滴神，真服了冈八，一本书看完了，还没见过德川家康的正面！</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">枯燥繁琐的人名地名。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在山冈的《德川家康》中，一共出场了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余人有名有姓者，人物之多完全超过了读者的阅读极限。亲戚，上下级，主臣，夫妻（前夫，前妻，后夫，后妻，侧室……）读者看得那个头大而可想而知。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">线索无限蔓延。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是山冈最突出的写作特点之一。您想看德川家康的故事，那得慢些来，等把其他人等的事情讲够了再说。在第二卷中，山冈大讲特讲织田信长、丰臣秀吉的故事。其实，与《织田信长》相比，在《德川家康》里，对织田信长描写的不够，没有写出他的艰难经历和英勇神武。至于这“皇皇巨著”的第六部中，情况更骇人：竟大篇幅讲起</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">洋教的斗争。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">情节安排冗长。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">山冈最喜欢螺蛳壳里做道场，一点点人物和事件就能写上好几十页</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，和现在的肥皂剧有得一比啊。比如</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">德川如何与丰臣和解，本来看似很简单的事情，竟然花了那么多页去叙述，当中竟然会发生如此多的曲折，实在耽误瞌睡！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">婆婆妈妈的说教。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">山冈特别喜欢讲道理。一个道理可以不厌其烦地讲两三页，甚至同样的道理出现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">次。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">透过现象看本质，综上我们可以这样猜测：山冈之所以能沉得住气，慢慢道来，把自己的作品弄成又臭又长的裹脚布，大概是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">故意拖沓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，想多赚点稿费吧。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">迷你裤——司马辽太郎的《德川家康：霸王之家》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">司马辽太郎是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日本当代著名历史小说家。在日本，谈论历史小说，言必称司马。日本人对一些重要历史人物的认识，都来源于司马的作品。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《德川家康：霸王之家》仅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余万字，便描绘出德川家康从人质到王者的传奇一生，揭示出他的称霸奥秘，可谓德川家康迷你版。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主线清晰，详略得当。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">司马的《德川家康：霸王之家》，以德川家康的一生为主线，其他人物，即便重要如织田信长、丰臣秀吉等人物的事略，都服从本书的裁剪，绝不抢德川家康的风头。作者浓墨重彩地描述了家康生命中的若干转折点，比如三方原之战、杀气灭子、吞灭甲信、屈尊秀吉等，而对于那些不太重要的时期，则一笔带过。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刻画人物生动。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">司马用一种独特的叙述故事的方法来表现人物，因此他作品中的家康仿佛都在我们眼前，就像我们谈论自己的伙伴那样真实、可信。在司马的作品中，家康是一个鲜活的人，不是山冈鼓吹的神。他</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时忍耐性强，有时却又先人一步主动出击；他大多数时候舍己从人，做事功利，有时却不愿意识时务，甘愿做悲壮的英雄；他有时正直忠诚，有时老奸巨猾。用作者的话来说，就是这么复杂、绝非一两种思路能够理解得透彻的人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析精到深刻。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">司马有独特的描写历史人物的方法，称之为“俯瞰法”，即居高临下地俯瞰历史人物，对其作出全面的评价。司马认为，任何历史人物都不能预见到身后的事，而历史小说家则可以清楚地了解历史人物所处的环境、他的命运以及他的存在与行动对后世的影响。因此，司马才能写出三方原之战时，家康为何以卵击石；而当家老酒井忠次在信长面前进谗言，家康不得不杀妻灭子，却依然重用酒井的深层原因；等等。<IMG style="FILTER: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(sizingMethod='scale',src='C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\单封_德川家康：霸王之家.jpg'); WIDTH: 211px; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://bbs.chinahrd.net/images/common/none.gif" border=0 aid="attach_1"><IMG style="FILTER: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(sizingMethod='scale',src='C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\单封_德川家康：霸王之家.jpg'); WIDTH: 211px; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://bbs.chinahrd.net/images/common/none.gif" border=0 aid="attach_1"></SPAN></P>
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