目标管理的优缺点
<SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">目标管理的优缺点</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理可能是到目前为止运用到实务上最有力的管理工具,其简单而容易被人接受的逻辑,足以反映管理的目的何在。对组织内的成员,如缺乏明晰的目标,不仅呈现出混乱的局面,且不能期望任何团体或个人会有好的成效。任何有组织的团体,长久以来已认清:为使集体工作具有成效,共同的目标诚然不可缺。但是在人类历史上这是很奇怪的现象,只是近年少数优异的经理人员了解到,如要使目标可行,必须使追求目标的人既清晰目标之所在且可验收其成果。企业界、政府机构、大学、其他机构以及部门经理人多年来一直满足于用一般名词来表达他们的目标。企业界常说他们的目标是</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">生产优良的产品以赚取合理的利润并成为社区的良好市民。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">大学可能说:</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">创新知识及传播知识。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标要是象这样,倘整个组织及成员皆不能了解如何及是否达成时,则实际上的意义已荡然无存。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理的关键在于可验收或评价其绩效。目标除非可验收,否则便成为无意义的活动。亦即,在未来的某些时候,要人们能够知道目标是否已达成。当然,对数量化的目标,如销售额或利润或每单位产品的工时等,验收起来最简单;质的方面的目标亦非不能验收,如规定在一定日期要发展或设置具有一定特质的专案计划等属此。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理的优点</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理主要的优点是能改进管理。没有计划或没有成果导向的计划,无法建立可评价及可行动之目标;它强迫经理人员必须计划出成果,而不只是在行动或工作。经理人员除须考虑如何去完成成果以及所需要的组织和成员为何,甚至所需要的资源、部门间的协助以及应予控制的要点亦需考虑在内,以保证目标的实现。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">计划的有效工具</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">每位从事于实际工作的经理人员都了解目前的危机和灾难,这势必迫使他们为未来的行动仔细规划。因此某种技术或方法倘能缔造一种气候强迫人们从事于计划的工作,显然是一件可喜的机会,目标管理制度正可用于此时。假如将目标的设定和达成作为绩效评价的主要标准时,经理人员会很快发觉,目标不能悬之过高。假使可行目标设定后,这些目标必须能反映出经理人员将面临的未来工作环境、所需要的有效资源与协助,更要能显出经理人员的地位,甚至部门能通过目标的执行获得何由自己的贡献而得到的益处。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">使组织明确</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理的主要长处之一是它能使组织所扮演的角色明确。目标务必符合主要的成果领域,同时反映到任何职位的权责。譬如行销部门的主管要完成某一新产品的销售目标时,应具有适当职权决定售价以吸引顾客。甚至要确定这种职权必要时可干预到生产方面的业务。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目前目标管理的实施,往往会使我们发觉到组织的缺陷。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">最常见之一是组织一直没有运用授权的基本原则按所期待的成果来授权。如</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>H0neywell </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">公司总经理所说:</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>“H0neywell </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">必须考虑两个基本信条:分权管理使</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>H0neywell</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">工作,而目标管理使分权(授权)成为可能。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">诱导工作执行</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理的另一好处是在诱导人们为成果的达成采取行动。人们不再只是盲目的做事或奉行指示、等候他人的引导及决定,他们现在是在既定目标之下的成员。他们已参与目标的设定,有机会对计划参加意见,也知道自己有做决策与运用资源的职权。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">控制的最佳指南</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">长久以来,经理人员由于不太清楚要注意什么,以致未能有效控制并取得所需的情报。大部分的控制制度由于缺乏具体的控制要点与进行中的情报而未能产生效果。有了目标管理,经理人员就知道应该注意什么,同时也有了衡量绩效之基准。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">使管理绩效的评价成为可能</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">从经理人员实际从事的目标设定与完成情形,能够评价出经理人员的能力。对经理人员的评价,既不超出他们的工作,亦非根据主观之判断与自我好恶。此外评价经理人员尚可加入他们对其部属尽了多少的协助以及与部属如何一起工作。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理的缺点</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世界上许多组织几乎都对目标管理抱有宗教式的热忱,而常忽略掉其先天不足的显著限制。目标管理即使有效果也不是万灵药方,更非每一件事情都一定要通过目标来管理。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标难定</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">即使具有实际工作与合理的幅度,目标的设定仍然困难。因为目标是为未来而设定,而未来有其不可避免的不确定性,这致使不易设定有意义和可行的目标。显然,任何计划,尤其是目标均包括应予达成的工作的终点,而不只是陈列工作等待办理。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如何设定能合理达成的目标,在实施目标管理的最初阶段特别感到困难。人们易于设定过高的目标,许多人认为在</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年或</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个月内可能完成某些工作,但下一星期可完成的工作就难于确定。此乃指制度本身不能替代管理技术以判断合理可行的目标。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">敏捷的主管既不希望设定容易达成的目标,也不希望其部属因误失大部分目标而遭受挫折。也许最有用的原则,是部属大致上能完成</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>3/4 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">程度的目标。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标趋向于短期</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">大部分的目标管理很自然地会趋向于设定短期的目标,很少多于</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,常为</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个月或比</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个月短。此一缺点与其说是来自制度本身,不如说由实际工作所生。理论上不仅没有理由不能设定长期的目标,并且应该要有此做法,例如一家公司对与本年度目标相同的项目坚持要设定长及</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>5 </SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年的目标。其实,这一件事情只要彼此之间能妥为调整,使短期目标配合长期目标即可。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">过分强调目标的危险</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">目标管理会使经理人员过分为少数目标的达成花费精力,而忽略了其他方面的工作,这是一件危险的事。譬如,销售部门的经理为了提高销售额,可能集中全力于容易推销但利润很低的商品。也许此位经理忘了自己的工作除了少数目标之外尚有许多待完成的工作。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">精确绩效衡量不易</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一项很大的美中不足是使用目标绩效来做为衡量管理行动的基准。因为,经理人员在其本身无所作为之下,或很幸运地遇到目标达成,反之,亦可能在花费心机之余依然未能达成目标。例如,促销计划可能因大众嗜好的改变,出乎意料地成功,而行销经理并无任何介入。成本目标可能受到无法控制的通货膨胀的影响而致一事无成。虽然评价绩效的人自认在验收个人的成果时,会考虑外在的因素,事实上是否为外在影响,因何种因素所引起等极难评估。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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回复:目标管理的优缺点
目标的制定是最大的问题回复: 目标管理的优缺点
学习了,谢!回复:目标管理的优缺点
目标管理真是个不错的东西,谢了 {:5_259:}反正不怎么实用 学习了哈 学习了,谢谢! 首先是目标的制定非常的困难,这个针对销售岗位来说可以,但是对于制造业来说就不是那么的全面。 新人学习
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