奖励的悲哀
<P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在谈到激励，或者阿伦森效应的时候，我们总是喜欢引用下面这个故事：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一位老人退休后想图个清净<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>于是就在湖区买了一所房子。住下的前几周倒还太平，可是不久<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>有几个年轻人开始在附近追逐打闹、踢垃圾桶、而且大喊大叫。老人受不了这些噪音<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>出去对这些年轻人说<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">你们玩得真开心。我喜欢热闹，如果你们每天都来这里玩耍，我给你们每人一元钱。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年轻人当然高兴，既玩了还能得钱，何乐而不为呢？于是他们更加卖力地闹将起来。过了两天，老人愁眉苦脸地说：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我到现在还没收到养老金，所以，从明天起，每天只能给你们五角钱了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年轻人虽然显得不太开心，但还是接受了老人的钱，每天下午继续来这里打闹。又过了几天，老人非常愧疚地对他们讲：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">真对不起，通货膨胀使我不得不重新计划我的开支，所以每天只能给你们一毛钱了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一毛钱？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个年轻人脸色发青，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我们才不会为区区一毛钱在这里浪费时间呢。不干了！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">从此，老人有了安静悠然的日子。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我们不得不佩服老人的睿智，欲擒故纵。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><FONT face=宋体>实际上，从这个故事中我还看到了奖励的悲哀，</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">“</SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">金钱起不到激励作用，只有持续（增加）的金钱才能起到激励作用</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><FONT face=宋体>。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">”</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在老人的故事里，<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">金钱改变了人们对事情的看法</SPAN></STRONG>：本来，孩子们打闹是为了自己，是释放自己的天性。但老人用金钱改变了这一切，孩子们打闹只是为了金钱！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">想一想，在家庭、在公司，父母、领导又何尝不是如此呢？有的家长为了让孩子做家务，用金钱（或小红花）来刺激，本意是想培养孩子劳动的习惯，但结果是孩子们是为了得到那些奖励才干活。一旦外部刺激消失，孩子又回归原样，甚至更加反感家务。很多事实告诉我们，<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">如果用金钱、成绩或者其他什么激励方式诱惑人们的话，其结果适得其反。我们越是人为地用诱惑手段来激励别人，他们就越会对我们唆使他们做的事丧失兴趣</SPAN></STRONG>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="BACKGROUND: white"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这点，值得家长、管理者深思。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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