李开复——成长比成功更重要!
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月的一个傍晚,办公室里的电话铃声忽然响起。我拿起听筒,自报家门,接着就听到对面有个天真但却执著的声音:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好不容易找到你!好不容易!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她告诉我她叫杨雪,在内蒙古自治区一个小县城给我打电话,然后便对我讲了她的故事,平凡但却深深地触动了我。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 她是一个高中三年级学生,曾经是一个成绩优异、人人喜欢的孩子。三年前,她以全县第一的分数考入现在这所高中,但是接下来发生了一些很不好的事情,让她心绪极坏,成绩一落千丈,于是情绪更坏,如此恶性循环,直到万念俱灰。有一天她走在大街上,漫无目的,还想到死。就在这时,她看到县城的书店,不由自主地走进去。她喜欢书,想看看有没有可看的东西。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我看见了你的《追随智慧》。我站在那里,读了扉页上的四句话,立刻就被吸引了,又读前言,然后忍不住掏出身上所有的钱,把它买下了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她在电话里面说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说出来不怕你笑话。我原来是想拿这钱买安眠药的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那个晚上她没有睡觉,整夜都沉浸在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微软小子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的那些故事里。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我第一次知道,原来世界上还有这样一种生活。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她决定让自己振作起来,复读高三,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不考上清华大学不罢休</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 这故事让我有一种感觉,五味俱全。第一个反应是欣慰,我甚至想到,即使这本书只有她一人读过,我就算没有白写。但我知道,我从来没有想要怂恿所有孩子走上天才之路,甚至对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不考上清华不罢休</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的想法,我也不能完全赞同。我劝她不一定非上清华大学,说了很多</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只要尽力,结果并不重要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之类的话,还告诉她好大学有很多,可她执意不听。这时候我才明白,一本书居然会对读者产生如此大的影响,连作者本人的阻止都无济于事。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 《追随智慧》这本书是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年秋天出版的,里面写了微软亚洲研究院里一群中国人的故事。从那时以来,常常有一些年轻的朋友来找我讨论此书。大多数人都说他们从中受到鼓舞,但是自从接到杨雪的电话,我便隐约对自己的工作产生了疑问,这疑问又由于我儿子的一席话一下子清晰起来。当时我正在把一大堆关于这本书的评论整理成册,儿子走进来,随手翻了几页,带着几分敬而远之的口吻说起他对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微软小子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的看法:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些人都是人精,不是人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我对他的话有点好奇。老实说,《追随智慧》这本书在很大程度上是为他写的。他那时也是高中学生,酷爱电脑,于是我就希望他能像我见到的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微软小子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一样优秀,还想象他也能成为一个了不起的计算机科学家。我告诉他,我要写一本他爱看的书。他也的确爱看这本书,看了好几遍。我知道他对书里的人物已了如指掌,于是怂恿他继续说出自己的想法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些人很</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">'</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">牛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">'</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,但不是所有中国人都特别</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">'</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">牛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">'</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们不代表普通人。他们的嘴里动不动就是人才,可是这种一定要人家当人才的想法,就是让人太痛苦,而且一家子都跟着苦。有的人想要出类拔萃,有的人只想做个普通人,有个稳定的工作,过一份无忧无虑的生活。可是按现在的标准,这样的人就叫没出息。所以中国的孩子是当人才痛苦,不当人才也痛苦。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 听到这番话的那个瞬间,我有点失望,但我很快发现,儿子的话是对的。中国的教育体系的确很像一条制造工业品的流水线,大家都遵循同样的程序、同样的标准,走进去的孩子形形色色,出来的孩子却都一模一样,否则就不发给你大学文凭。很少有人想到,教育孩子和制造汽车是完全不同的两回事。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 儿子和杨雪同岁,两个人一个在大都市里,一个在偏僻小城,一个是男孩子,一个是女孩子。他们对于同一本书的反应都很强烈,但却如此不同,指向两个极端,尽管都有把问题夸大的倾向,但在他们的同龄人中却有代表性。于是我开始反省,回过头去重新研究微软的那些年轻人,到现在两年过去,我可以说,我已经有了结论,就在本书中。让我们更优秀。这是教育的主旨,看上去天经地义。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">谁都想要优秀,这是杨雪的梦想。但是,还有比优秀更重要的,那就是</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我自己</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,这是我儿子的梦想。我希望这两个梦想,而不只是一个,都能成为现实。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我们没有能够更优秀,往往不是因为我们天生不够聪明,而是因为我们失去了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我自己</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。不是按照自己的想法去使用聪明,总是按照别人的标准使用自己的聪明。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我们即使优秀了还是不快乐,那基本上还是因为,我们总认为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的含义就是战胜别人,而没有想到真正的最好是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成为最好的我自己</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我曾和微软公司中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多人谈了话(大都是中国人,也有些是美国人),有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">300</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多个小时的录音以及几百万字的材料。这一次我把研究的焦点集中在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个人身上,他们是微软亚洲研究院</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">170</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个研究员和工程师中最富有特色的一部分。我有时候用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微软小子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来称呼他们,是希望在读者心中留下一个统一的形象,其实他们中间差别巨大。他们出生在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代。至少到目前为止,他们被人们当作聪明、成功、快乐和富有的典型例证,而且,他们中的大部分人都很年轻。这一切都是媒体追逐的题目。但是,我关心的不是他们的成功,而是他们的成长;不是他们的今天,而是他们的昨天。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 他们对我讲述了各自的成长之路,包括形形色色的故事和思想。我在这里写下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多个故事,只是其中一部分。对于我来说,问题的关键不是找出他们之间的区别,而是找出他们的共性,找到是什么东西使他们与众不同。有些东西他们有,但别人也有。比如他们都很聪明、很努力、有相当出色的学习成绩,有高等教育的学历,还有无限关爱他们的父母。但是,在我们的国家里,有这样背景的人实在是太多了,所以这些东西都不在我的研究范围内。实际上我们接触到的事实证明,在他们的成长之路上,真正有启示意义的东西不是这些。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 线索千头万绪,当我把它们一条一条理清楚的时候,不禁大为惊讶。与我们通常认为是天经地义的那些教育准则对照起来,它们竟是完全不同的:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们的成长与优越的家庭背景没有任何正相关的关系,事实正相反,与贫寒之家联系密切。在我的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个研究对象中,有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人出生在平常人家,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人出生在小城小镇。另外两个拥有大户人家背景的人,也在他们的童年时代经历过家境不景气的磨练。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我没有发现一个能与他们的成功之路联系起来的家庭教育模式,认为家庭教育一定要严格或者一定要宽松的观点,都可以找到成功的案例。但是,这</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个人在受教育的年代里,无一例外地希望有一个宽松的环境。其中那些年龄稍大、已经有了子女的人,全都声明自己将不会以严格甚至强迫的方式来教育自己的子女。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无论是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">严格教育模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宽松教育模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,家庭都显示出很强烈的正面影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个人的父母中有十多个教师,其比例大大高于社会平均水平。但是总的来说,父母对子女影响力的大小,并不取决于父母的职业和受教育水平,也不取决于教育方法,而是取决于父母与孩子的关系是否融洽。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全都有一个充分发展独立意志的过程。越是严厉的父母,也就越早地让孩子离开父母的视线,获得自由的空间。其中三个最典型的采用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">严格教育模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的家庭,都有一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">少小离家</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的故事紧随其后。李开复</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁离家,沈向洋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁离家。张亚勤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁离家。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我没有发现考试分数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与日后的成就之间存在必然联系。事实上,这</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人中的大多数,在学生时期并不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。他们更多地处在第三到第十名的位置上。他们中间流行着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不必在意名次</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的说法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们用在背课本和做习题上的时间,大大低于同学中的平均值。其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">80%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的人在中学和大学时期拥有广泛的兴趣,而不只是满足教学大纲的要求。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们不仅关心哪些事情是必须做好的,而且更关心哪些事情是自己真正想要的,哪些事情是真正适合自己的,哪些事情是绝对不能做的。他们无一例外地在自己想要做和适合自己做的事情上投入了更多的精力。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我没有发现他们具有超越常人的智商。事实是,在任何一个学习阶段,情商都显示出比智商更重要。他们毫无疑问属于聪明的孩子,但是像他们一样聪明的孩子有很多,比他们更聪明的孩子也有很多。他们之所以与众不同,是因为他们拥有健康的性格、良好的学习态度和学习习惯。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们都经历过一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开窍时期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。在此之前,他们全都没有承受过多的来自外界的压力;在此之后,他们全都在内心中增加对自己的压力。所谓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开窍时期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,是从混沌到自觉、从不成熟到成熟的飞跃性的转变。他们的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开窍时期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">几乎全都发生在大学二年级到三年级,而不像人们通常所期望的发生在初中阶段。父母的这种期望与孩子的生理和心理发育过程无关,而与考试为先导的教育体系有关。所以大多数父母和老师都把压力集中在孩子的初三和高三,这恰恰是孩子尚未</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开窍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而心理又处在逆反阶段的时候,等到孩子进入大学能够承受更大的生理和心理压力的时候,我们的教育体系反而放松了对他们的压力。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们全都在关键的时候遇到了优秀的老师。让他们难以忘怀的这些老师中,没有一个是教会他们应付考试的人。就像忘掉了那些没有用处的知识一样,他们也忘掉了教给他们这些知识的老师。这</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个人列举出来的老师有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多位,其中有些是外国人,全都拥有大师的头衔和大师的声誉。大部分中国教师中,只有一位是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特级教师</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,其余都是寂寂无名之辈。这些老师之所以让他们难以忘怀,奥秘全在课堂之外:教给他们如何做人;教给他们如何学习;告诉他们朝哪个方向走去,而那里真的就有他们想要的东西。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我很注意地观察了周围的学生,发现大多数人也能拥有上面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条之中的一条或者几条。但是在我的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个研究对象中,大部分人占了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条,最少的也能拥有其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。把各种因素综合起来,可以发现他们身上最重要的特征有三个:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 第一,很高的情商。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 第二,快乐,享受学习,而不仅仅是完成学习。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 第三,优秀,杰出。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 这三个概念在英文中都是以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"E"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开头的(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">EQ</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Enjoy</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Excellence</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),所以我把它们称之为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"3E"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,进而提出一个新概念:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"E</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 读到这里,你就应当明白,本书的主旨不是教给你怎样去做像他们一样的人,而是教给你成为一个像他们一样优秀的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你自己</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我们发现了一群人,他们并不拥有一个比我们更聪明的大脑,所经历的教育制度和我们的也没有什么不同。那么,他们凭什么变得和我们不一样了?凭着他们对教育的看法与众不同,仅此一点就让他们与众不同。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 所以,本书的结论是:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 我们既然无法改变教育,那就改变对教育的看法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
文章很好啊 很受鼓舞:D回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
很喜欢他回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
文章虽然长了点,但我耐心地看完了,很受启发。回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
很好,很不错。EQ的重要性绝对要比IQ大的多,这是大多数中国人没有认识到的。回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
统一的迟滞回复:李开复——成长比成功更重要!
学习,很受启发!设计之美,欢迎大家评选最漂亮的企业商标!
http://bbs.gbicom.cn/viewthread.php?tid=5034&extra=page%3D1
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