英语改错题的快速解题方法
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、通读全文,了解大意。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">短文改错是一种在较高层次上考查学生对英语知识的掌握和综合运用能力的测试题型。其宗旨是测试学生发现、判断、纠正文章中的词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面的错误的能力。它在考查学生的词汇和语法方面的语言能力的同时,也考查学生的阅读理解能力。因此,解题前先读一遍短文是非常必要的。要快速通读,迅速搞清短文的题材、中心思想、事件的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果以及人物关系等要素,并能基本把握行文的时态、人称与逻辑等方面的东西。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孤立地在一词一句上寻找错误的做法很容易使人产生烦躁情绪,影响解题效果。因此,必须坚持从整体到局部,再从局部到整体,把握全局,用短文大意去攻克词、句、篇上的错误。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、先易后难,缩小范围。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在通读全文的过程中,可以把其中明显的错误找出来,这样就缩小了范围,为下一步的分析判断提供更充分的语境,也好把注意力集中在较难判断的句子上。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">After a long time</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">he found Henry a honest man.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此句中的不定冠词“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”就是一个明显的错误。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、把握句意,逐行判断。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从语法角度逐句审查时态、主谓一致、代词、名词复数、冠词、介词等的用法,要特别注意一些虚词的用法,同时注意行文特点、篇章结构和句子结构。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如在一篇短文中有这样一句话,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">The old man went up to the boys and asks them what it was happening.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">句中的第一个错误是并列的时态不一致,应将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">asks</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">asked</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。第二个错误是多一个词“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">it</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”。这类错误要仔细观察句子结构,进行语法分析才能发现。一些逻辑上的错误,从语法角度来看是正确的,但通过上下文的逻辑关系来看,就会发现错误。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice as long as people who lived a few years ago. Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">句中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Therefore </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> However </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上文说:在工业发达国家人们的寿命可能会比几百年前长两倍;下文说:还有一些国家人们的寿命就短多了。这是一种明显的转折关系,,而非因果关系,所能不能用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> therefore</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。虽然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> but </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也能表示转折关系,但后面有一个逗号,只能用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> however</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、反复通读,复查验证。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在大部分错误都改正之后,如果还有拿不准的,应再次通读全文,利用语感来做最后的判断;也可以根据词类题的特点,运用错误类型的比例来做最后定夺。纵观近几年的高考短文改错题,正确的一般只有一行;多次和缺词约有三处;错词一般有六个,且多为动词,主要表现在时态、非谓语动词和主谓一致方面。</SPAN></P>
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