案例分析——企业可否与孕期员工解除劳动关系？
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=black><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">庭审纪实</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR><FONT color=black>A</FONT></SPAN><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司的女职员王某，多次无故旷工、在上班时间利用公司电脑干私活，严重耽误了公司生产进度。按照企业的规章制度，公司对王某进行了警告和处罚共计七次，最终决定与其解除劳动关系。此时，王某通知公司自己已怀孕并提供了相应证明，以此为由拒绝与公司解除劳动关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司咨询了蓝海集团的劳动关系专家后，仍按原定方案与王某解除了劳动关系。王某不服，诉至劳动仲裁部门。劳动仲裁庭开庭审理后，认定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司与王某解除劳动关系符合法律规定，判定王某败诉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=deepskyblue><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><A href="http://www.blueseahr.com/"><FONT color=deepskyblue><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">蓝海集团专家点评</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN></A></SPAN></B></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">根据《劳动合同法》第三十九条规定，即便是在女职员的孕期、产期或哺乳期，如果劳动者严重违反用人单位的规章制度，用人单位仍可与其合法解除劳动合同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">本案例中的王某五次无故旷工数天，两次被人力资源部门当场抓到使用公司电脑干私活，王某的行为严重违反了该公司员工手册中的公司规章制度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司的员工手册中明确指出：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司员工若有两次严重违纪行为，公司有权与其解除劳动关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">” </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在劳动仲裁庭的审理过程中，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司举证说明与王某签订劳动合同时，已让她阅读并签署了员工手册。同时，在每次的违纪处罚单上，也有王某的签字认可。劳动仲裁庭可依此推断，王某严重违纪的事实是真实存在的，并且，根据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司员工手册中对严重违纪行为的处罚措施，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">公司与王某解除劳动关系是合法的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">虽然《劳动法合同法》第四十二条规定了不得解除劳动合同的几种情形，其中包括</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">这种情形，但该条规定适用的范围，是依据《劳动合同法》第四十条、第四十一条规定的条件解除合同之情形，不包括第三十九条规定的解除劳动合同的情形。也就是说，劳动者有第三十九条规定的解除劳动合同情形的，不受第四十二条所规定的条件的限制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">另外，《女职工劳动保护规定》确实规定了在女职工怀孕期、产期、哺乳期不得解除劳动合同，而且没有规定其他例外条件，但该规定是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年发布的；而《劳动合同法法》是在</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="1" Day="1" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">2008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">日起</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">开始施行的，根据后法优于先法（仅从时间意义上比较）的原则，应当按《劳动合同法》的规定来解释本案。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 10.5pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT color=black><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">综上所述，企业可完善自身管理，以减少解除劳动关系时与员工之间的劳动争议：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、建立成熟的公司规章制度和详细的处罚措施并严格地落实贯彻。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、确保员工了解公司的规章制度和处罚措施。可将公司的规章制度及处罚措施写进员工手册，在员工入职时，将员工手册发放给员工并令其在回执上签字。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、透明化、公开化执行企业违纪处罚。人力资源部对员工的任何处罚记录都要有当事人的签字认可并存档保留。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、妥善保管违纪处罚的证据，如考勤纪录等员工迟到早退或旷工的凭证。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 180%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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