如何才能避免管理工作中的“七种浪费”.doc

minloveyun

<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">丰田生产</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">方式中所归纳的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">七种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">浪费，主要发生在生产<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">现场</SPAN></SPAN>，但是产生这些浪费的深层次的原因是什么？如果仅仅关注现场存在的问题，而不解决被现象所掩盖的本质问题，无疑是舍本逐末，即使表面上轰轰烈烈，但实际效果也很有限。为了能使经营<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">管理</SPAN></SPAN>革新活动深入有效地开展下去，我们首次提出管理<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">工作</SPAN></SPAN>中的七种浪费这个概念，来引导大家共同参与这项工作。七种浪费之一：等待的浪费</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">管理工作中的等待浪费主要有以下几种情况：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等待上级的指示。上级不安排工作就坐等，上级不指示就不<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">执行</SPAN></SPAN>，上级不询问就不汇报，上级不检查就拖着办。算盘珠子不拨不动，缺乏主动精神。你多干事多吃亏，出了问题怎么办？听从指示没有错，再大责任可分担。很多工作的完成，是在几次检查、催办下完成的，造成极大的浪费。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等待外部的回复。我已与你联系过了，静待回音，什么时候回复不是我能决定的，延误工作的责任应该由对方负责，我只能等。等待其它部门或其他人的联系。你不找我去协助，我就可以躲避，总有原因可以找，就说情况不清楚。对其它相关工作不关心，没兴趣，多一事不如少一事，等就等吧，没啥了不起。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等待下级的汇报。任务虽已布置，但是没有检查，没有监督。不主动去深入实际调查研究，掌握第一手<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">资料</SPAN></SPAN>，只是被动地听下级的汇报，没有核实，然后作决定或向上级汇报，瞒天过海没有可信度，出了问题，责任往下级身上一推。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等待生产现场的联系。较严重的等待是生产现场对于技术、<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">品质</SPAN></SPAN>、资材等部门服务、指导、指示、供应的等待，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三现主义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的缺乏是等待中的最致命原因之一，严重影响生产现场工作的及时解决。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">上述情况，在工作中是大量存在的，这种缺乏工作责任心、主动性和工作积极性，满足现状、消极怠工的情况引发的浪费所造成的危害更大，危害<SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">企业</SPAN></SPAN>的正常运行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">七种浪费之二：协调不利的浪费</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">管理中相互配合、协调不利，造成工作停滞浪费主要有下述几种情况：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">工作进程的协调不利。某项工作在两个部门间协调不利、交接不清，工作进度受到影响，相互之间都不主动联系。某些工作应哪个部门负责没有明确界定，处于部门间的断层，工作缺乏协作精神和交流意识，都在观望停滞，认为应该别的部门负责，结果工作没人管了，原来的小问题被拖成了大问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">领导</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">指示的贯彻协调不利。对公司领导的工作指示和部长会议及相关会议布置的工作没有传达、内部没有有效的协调组织落实，致使公司的要求在本部门停滞，没有得到有效地贯彻，形成工作盲区。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">信息传递的协调不利。信息在相关部门、相关人员手中停滞，使应该得到这些信息的相关部门掌握不到，难以有效地开展工作，不能准确及时决策，造成较大的浪费。信息不能汇总、分类，停滞在分散之中；信息没有对其充分的分析、核实和利用，发挥效应，停滞在原始状态之中；信息不准确，造成生产盲目、资材供应混乱、计划的频繁调整、没有效益的加班、库存的增加。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; <SPAN class=ttag><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-RIGHT: 8pt; BORDER-TOP: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; PADDING-TOP: 8pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ff9a9a 1pt dashed; mso-border-alt: dashed #FF9A9A .75pt">ERP</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">业务流程的协调不利。部门间协调不利，相互制约、不沟通、各自为政、部门利益第一，形成独立的部门割裂，促成协调的障碍，没有或不能及时维护系统，使业务流程不能顺利流转，造成后续流程的停滞，原有职责的不适应性不是横向流转而是折向运行，造成流程的缺项停滞。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">协调不利是管理工作中最大的浪费之一，它使组织不能形成凝聚力，缺乏团队意识、协调精神，导致工作效率的低下。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN>

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