请教HLM中fixed effect 和 random effect 的问题

.微に酸袅袅

Hi， Kenny：
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when we use HLM，there are some paper just report the fixed effect，while most time I use the random effect，so my question is when shall we use fixed or random effect and their difference？

& n+ B% }1 z) {$ w0 ^another question is about the ground mean and the group mean， when we test the level 2 model， should we use group mean？can you give some guidance？

2 M9 ^0 J0 v2 j# @9 s2 k6 T6 \3 MBest，
9 I' x1 [8 E7 W# _Kelly

Kenneth

Kelly，這是個給國內同學用的問題網站，麻煩用中文提問。謝謝。