研究方法线上

Kenneth

今天在网上找文章时，恰巧看见一所台湾大学的网站。它们把不同的管理学问卷研究方法的领域的重要的文章都写出来了（其实是他们两个教研究方法的课程的大纲）。我稍为看了一下，很多经典的文章都在里面了。当然我没有详细的看，不保证所有的文章都是好的。不过作为一个阅读的清单，不失为一个好的开始。网站是：
http://spaces.isu.edu.tw/~RMonline/website/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=52&Itemid=66
5 Q$ F7 Q( w( x& u9 X9 \4 n
因为是公开网站，资料应该是公开的。同时我怕国内的同学不容易上到台湾的网站，所以剪贴了出来给大家参考。不过，不仅这不是我的东西，所以请大家作为“参考”好了。

Kenny

研究方法线上
3 v: M1 K4 W/ c  p
ResearchMethodology I
  V4 J+ i* y9 J- `OverviewTextbooks
) i" f. [3 d  R  X/ ?* l4 o9 `9 z; ]Issue1: Introduction: Science, Knowledge, and Theory
Issue2: Theory and Hypothesis Development
( j/ K& A$ Z/ t0 N* w# }2 NIssue3: Construct and Dimensionality: Multidimensional construct
8 t* `  v- ^2 J7 L" `  \6 cIssue4: Measurement: Reliability and Validity
Issue5: Measurement: Scale Development
; B1 f- O) Y4 m$ ?( iIssue6: Scale Development for Chinese Management Research
1 d. H% o0 }* f' FIssue7: Constructs and Hypothesis Testing
Issue8: Sampling, Field studies and Surveys
& B/ p* g, ~7 U- Y# PIssue9: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
Issue10: Case Studies and Qualitative Research
- O- E, \, x2 O* C. x* EIssue11: Statistical Analysis and Inference
Issue12: Basic concept of mediation and moderation
! O) J, X& ~  Q& L  qIssue13: Testing mediating effects
Issue14: Testing moderating effects
0 \3 ~) f  ^8 c7 I8 OIssue15: Testing mediated moderation and moderated mediation
- O6 `' B* O; H: R5 u, x+ vIssue16: Reliability and Construct Validation
Issue17: Common Method Variance
! w& n7 b$ G# Q) @3 uIssue18: Data Non-independence
Issue19: The Culture Factor (Cross-cultural and Indigenous Research)
' E' |2 u' |+ ]. Y6 F' Z) RIssue20: Structural Equation Modeling

ResearchMethodology II

OverviewTextbooks

Issue21: Level as Knowing: Holism

Issue22: Level Fallacies

Issue23: Multilevel Nature of Organizational Phenomena

Issue24: Levels in Theory Building

Issue25: Meso Paradigm: An Integral Perspective

Issue26: Extending Multilevel Organizational Theory

Issue27: Research Design in Multilevel Research

Issue28: Phenomena from Micro to Macro: An Emerging Process

Issue29: Measurement and Aggregation

Issue30: Approaches to Multilevel Data Analysis

Issue31: Introduction to HLM

Issue32: Empirical Examples of HLM

Issue33: Extended Issues in Multilevel Research

Issue34: Report Writing and Paper Review

Issue35: Wrap-up: Alternatives to Positivism

Major Textbooks:
Kerlinger, F.N. & Lee, H.B. (2000). Foundations of BehavioralResearch. Orlando, FL: Harcourt.
Schwab, D.P. (2005). Research Methods for Organizational Studies. (2ndEd.) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum. [Amazon] [Google Book]
Klein, K.J.& Kozlowski, S.W. (eds.). (2000). Multilevel Theory,Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and NewDirections. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [Amazon]
" k6 m8 w3 o' cSupplementary Books:
9 w( |2 r$ x8 l7 o9 @Cohen, J. & Cohen, P. (1998). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Science. Mahwah, NJ: LawrenceEarlbaum.[Amazon]
2 ~( H1 w& k4 [& d- mCook, T. D. & Campbell, D. T. 1979. Quasi-Experimentation: Design andAnalysis Issues for Field Settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. [Amazon]
6 y  |# e" S* L) THair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. 1998. MultivariateData Analysis. 5th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJrentice-Hall. [Amazon]
! s8 ^  |) a9 h# F# G! s" A- TPedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. 1991. Measurement, Design, andAnalysis: An Integrated Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
: C0 m4 V7 t8 M+ H: a5 wRogelberg, S.G. (ed.) 2002. Handbook of Research Methodsin Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
1 d4 F2 h8 z& l# |9 J9 g* zJournal of Management. 1997. Special Issue on Hierarchical LinearModels. 23(6).
Academy of Management Review. 1999. Special topic forum on multileveltheory building. 24(2).
Multivariate Behavioral Research. 2001. Special issue on multilevelmodels. 36(2).
+ w. C4 S+ L. B* ALeadership Quarterly. 2002. Special issue: Bench marking multilevelmethods in leadership. 13(1).
7 K! f& _" j7 F; R3 P4 T6 ?Academy of Management Journal. 2007. Special forum on multilevelresearch. 50,6.
1 s8 X& ]6 C, Y: fKreft, I. & de Leeuw, J. 1998. Introducing Multilevel Modeling.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8 t- h( K3 K* y0 v! S8 G$ F) yRaudenbush, S.W. & Bryk, A. S. 2002. Hierarchical LinearModels in Social and Behavioral Research: Application and Data AnalysisMethods. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Roberts, K. H., Hulin, C. L., & Rousseau, D. M. 1978.Developing an interdisciplinary science of organizations. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass.
0 _$ ^3 d  J+ RRoberts, K. H., & Burstein, K. (eds.) 1980. Issuesin aggregation: New directions for methodology of social and behavior science (vol.6). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
陳曉萍、徐淑英、樊景立、鄭伯壎（2008），組織與管理研究的實證方法，台北：華泰文化。

Issue 1: Introduction: Science, Knowledge, and Theory
+ y9 |" L/ `4 a" P* wK & L: Chapter 1
% P( _; T9 U; [, A! l# G01-01.  Burrell, G.& Morgan, G. 1979. Assumptions about the nature of Science. SociologicalParadigms and Organizational Analysis. 1-9. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann EducationalBooks.
01-02.  Ghoshal, S. 2005. Bad management theories are destroyinggood management practices. Academy of Management Learning and Education,4(1): 75-91.
01-03.  Gioia, D.A. & Pitre, E. 1990. Multiparadigm perspectives on theorybuilding. Academy of Management Review, 15(4): 584-602.
; g; E) b7 f) {' f1 q' l01-04.  Orlitzky, M. 2002. Book review: Research Methods forOrganizational Studies by D. P. Schwab. Organizational Research Methods,5(1): 126-128.
+ x5 `- c/ m9 @; |; E0 X7 t( H01-05.  Wright, T. A., & Wright, V. P. 1999. Ethicalresponsibility and the organizational researcher: A committed-to-participantresearch perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior,20(7): 1107-1112.
7 W5 j  s" R# M* T! ]5 g+ p01-06.  Porter, L. 1996. Forty years of organization studies:Reflections from a micro perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly,41: 262-269.
* R$ E9 h) ^" e  Z01-07.  陳曉萍等（2008）：Ch1: 科學過程與研究設計。
2 d: p( R/ a' p) O01-08.  陳曉萍等（2008）：Ch2: 研究的起點：提問。
. @4 d) y& @3 o( `) D/ |
/ q; l. U) a+ k/ M2 E+ ~# ~Issue 2: Theory and Hypothesis Development
* Z0 M# t/ h" |) }02-01.  Schwab: Chapters 1 and 2
' @$ E$ U  V5 ~02-02.  Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational theories: Somecriteria for evaluation. Academy of Management Review,14: 496-515.
, ^, q$ V% P$ o) O! E0 g  r' d6 R02-03.  Bartunek, J. M., Rynes, S. L., & Ireland, R. D. 2006. What makes a management researchinteresting and why does it matter? Academy of Management Journal,49(1): 9-15.
02-04.  Bergeron D. M. 2007. The potential paradox of organizationcitizenship behavior: good citizens at what cost? Academy of ManagementReview, 32 (4):1078–1095.
( t# L. Q  v5 J# E& e. S& X; p02-05.  Davis, M. S. 1971. That’s interesting! Towards a phenomenologyof sociology and a sociology of phenomenology. Philosophy of Social Science,1(2): 309-344.
9 W/ {) x; t# h# a& ?02-06.  Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. 1998. Trust and distrust: new relationships andrealities. Academy of Management Review, 23: 438-458.
* V7 _9 R1 l# J7 H02-07.  Morris, J. A. & Feldman, D. C. 1996. The dimensions, antecedents, andconsequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21(4):986-1010.
* M! Q4 V# y( R& {6 L1 U6 |02-08.  Podsakoff, P. M., & Dalton, D. R. (1987). Research methodology inorganizational studies. Journal of Management, 13, 419-441.
! k6 I; I0 v5 _( }* @0 X1 [( U) h02-09.  Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. A. (1993). The motivational effects ofcharismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4,577–594.
02-10.  Sutton, R. I., & Staw, B. M. 1995. What theory is not. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 40: 371-384.
02-11.  Weick, K.E. 1995. What theory is not, theorizing is. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 40: 385-390.
3 l! V3 B# `& H5 X8 w& J* O) t* r02-12.  Whetten, D. A. 1989. What constitutes a theoreticalcontribution. Academy of Management Review, 14: 490-495.
8 Z; W# \% ]( x) I) @6 d2 l02-13.  陳曉萍等（2008）：Ch3: 管理研究中的理論建構。
02-14.  Whetten, D. A., Felin, T., & King, B. G. (2009). The practice of theory borrowing inorganizational studies: Current issues and future directs. Journal ofManagement, 35(3), 537-563.

4 f- F4 c2 o( D  ZIssue 3: Construct and Dimensionality: Multidimensional construct [Discussion]
" B5 p/ p* V% M03-01.  Edwards, J. R. (2001). Multidimensional constructs inorganizational behavior research: An integrative analytical framework.Organizational Research Methods, 4(2): 144-192.
( k- n9 X; |! L03-02.  Law, K. S., & Wong, C. S. (1999). Multidimensional constructs instructural equation analysis: An illustration using the job perception and jobsatisfaction constructs. Journal of Management, 25(2): 143-160.
03-03.  Law, K. S., Wong, C. S., & Mobley, W. H. (1998). Toward a taxonomy of multidimensionalconstructs. Academy of Management Review, 23(4): 741-755.
3 u) @0 [* L& a6 l+ |03-04.  LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality oforganizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1): 52-65.
03-05.  Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K.E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptiveperformance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4): 612-624.
03-06.  Wong, C. S., Law, K. S., & Huang, G. H. (2008). On the importance of conductingconstruct-level analysis for multidimensional constructs in theory developmentand testing. Journal of Management, 34 (5): 744-764.
' |" Y; m; Q$ U* G* }03-07.  陳曉萍等（2008）：ch12

Issue 4: Measurement: Reliability and Validity [Discussion]
$ f- k. @7 \( ^! |; V+ \**Schwab: Chapters 3, 4, 8
8 K  y4 m% U) |8 M1 \" X' oK & L: Chapters 26, 27, 28.
3 z. W# o, @+ V+ }; h8 r04-01.  Negy, S. M. 2002. Using a single-item approach to measure facetjob satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75:77-86.
  C+ [5 S5 Z- p1 u2 L04-02.  **Schmitt, N. W., & Klimoski, R. J. 1991. Determining the quality of ourmeasures. In Research Methods in Human Resources Management, (pp.88-114). Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co.
* L( A, [: j0 e6 S, J/ D04-03.  Austin, J. T., Boyle, K. A., & Lualhati, J. C. 1998.Statistical conclusion validity for organizational science researchers: Areview. Organizational Research Methods, 1: 164-208.
04-04.  Schriesheim, C. A., Cogliser, C. C., Scandura, T. A., Lankau,M. J., & Powers, K. J. 1999. An empirical comparison of approaches forquantitatively assessing the content adequacy of paper-and-pencil instruments. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 2: 140-156.
$ ~, [- `! `* h& ^' J) \, l04-05.  Wanous, J. P., & Huddy M. J. 2001. Single-item reliability:A replication and extension. Organizational Research Methods, 4(4):361-375.
/ e/ b6 h) I1 Q( ?9 \04-06.  Lim, B. C., & Ployhart, R. E. 2006. Assessing theconvergent and discriminant validity of Goldberg's international personalityitem pool: A multitrait-multimethod examination. Organizational ResearchMethods, 9(1): 29-54.
04-07.  Cole, M. S., Bedeian, A. G., & Feild, H. S. 2006. The measurementequivalence of web-based and paper-and-pencil measures of transformationalleadership: A multinational test. Organizational Research Methods, 9(3):339-368.
04-08.  Meade, A.W., & Eby, L. T. 2007. Using indices of groupagreement in multilevel construct validation. Organizational ResearchMethods, 10: 75-96.
+ M- q6 O. V/ O& A  `1 d0 n2 V
! P# I1 T8 c) s+ _Issue 5: Measurement: Scale Development
**Schwab: Chapter 4
4 V; D7 n" Y& |9 {0 F05-01.  **Hinkin, T. R. 1998. A brief tutorial on the development ofmeasures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods,1: 104-121.
& y! v- A* j5 r, C3 t7 ~+ [* X05-02.  DeVellis, R. F. 1991. Scale Development: Theory andApplication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
05-03.  Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. 2000. A Review andSynthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, andRecommendations for Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods,3: 4-70.
6 J3 Y4 v' r1 @! I* q' q05-04.  **Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B. & Organ, D. W. 2004. Organizational citizenship behavior inthe People’s Republic of China, Organization Science, 15: 241-253.
05-05.  Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. 1999. Measuring impression management inorganizations: A scale development based on the Jones and Pittman taxnonomy, OrganizationalResearch Methods, 2: 141-160.
# z' E! ]" d; I! B) W05-06.  **陳曉萍等（2008）：ch11
8 \1 {- l1 v% Z; S5 X6 X
% {& n3 p9 n) F. {Issue 6: Scale Development for Chinese Management Research
0 e6 {; }& Y. m# m" iMOR, special issue: 2006, 2(3).

, P. j" G# [6 Z+ G' T& v+ j- LIssue 7: Constructs and Hypothesis Testing
K & L: Chapters 2, 3, and 5
**Schwab: Chapter 13
' Q" H# z& Y" s  f07-01.  **Higgins, M. C. & Kram, K. E. 2001. Reconceptualizing mentoring at work: Adevelopmental network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 6(2):264-288.
07-02.  Law, K. S. & Wong, C. 1999. Multidimensional constructs in structuralequation analysis: An illustration using the job perception and jobsatisfaction constructs. Journal of Management. 25(2):143-160.
07-03.  **Cortina, J. M., & Folger, R. G. 1998. When is it acceptable to accept a nullhypothesis: No way, Jose? Organizational Research Methods, 1: 334-350.
07-04.  **陳曉萍等（2008）：ch5
07-05.  Williams, L. J., Edwards, J. R., & Vandenberg, R. J. 2001. Recent advances in causal modelingmethods for organizational and management research. Journal of Management,29(6): 903-936.

8 c2 Z2 T2 s7 z& Y+ X* G" s& aIssue 8: Sampling, Field studies and Surveys
$ y2 b$ o, _5 ]% s( w6 `# Q/ ?0 j& m**Schwab: Chapters 5 and 7
- ^0 c% j( n7 f! lK & L: Chapters 8, 18, 19, 20, 25 and 29
08-01.  Gordon, M. E., Slade, L. A., & Schmitt, N. 1986. The “science of the sophomore” revisited:From conjecture to empiricism. Academy of Management Review, 11(1):191-207.
08-02.  Gordon, M. E., Slade, L. A., & Schmitt, N. 1987. Student guinea pigs: Porcine predictorsand particularistic phenomena. Academy of Management Review, 12(1):160-163.
1 E* U  n! b0 c08-03.  Greenberg, J. 1987. The college sophomore as guinea pig:Setting the record straight. Academy of Management Review, 12(1):157-159.
08-04.  Mollica, K. A. & Dewitt, R. L. 2000. When others retireearly: What about me? Academy of Management Journal, 43(6): 1068-1075.
08-05.  **Tsai, W. C. & Huang, I. M. 2002. Mechanisms linkingemployee affective delivery and customer behavioral intentions, Journal ofApplied Psychology, 87: 1001-1008.
08-06.  Saks, A. M. 1995. Longitudinal field investigation of themoderating and mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship betweentraining and new comer adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80:211-225.
08-07.  Werner, S., Praxedes, M., & Kim, H.G. 2007. The reportingof nonresponse analysis in survey research. Organizational Research Methods,10: 287-295.
; ~0 x& Z3 c- O/ q- u08-08.  **陳曉萍等（2008）：ch8
08-09.  Austin, J. T., Scherbaum, C. A., & Mahlman, R. A.(2002). History of research methods in industrial and organizationalpsychology: Measurement, design, analysis. In S. G. Rogelberg(Ed.), Handbook of research methods inindustrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1-33). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
/ f$ ?# Q! Z$ O: k# M5 A08-10.  Edmondson, A. C., & McManus, S. E. (2007). Methodologicalfit in management field research. Academy of Management Review, 32, 1155-1179.
' w/ l1 z# r. S9 b08-11.  Stone-Romero, E. F., Weaver, A. E., & Glenar, J. L. (1995).Trends in research design and data analytic strategies in organizationalresearch. Journal of Management, 21, 141-157.
08-12.  Werner, S., Praxedes, M., & Kim, H. (2007). The reportingof nonresponse analyses in survey research. Organizational Research Methods,10: 287-295.

Issue 9: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
# m, Z0 i/ e/ o**Schwab: Chapter 6
K & L: Chapters 24 and 22
09-01.  Cook, T. D. & Shadish, W. R. 1994. Social experiments:Some developments over the past fifteen years. Annual Review of Psychology,45: 545-580.
2 ]( ~% P7 u# y09-02.  **Dvir, T., Eden, D., & Banjo, M.L. 1995. Self-fulfillingprophecy and gender: Can women be Pygmalion and Galatea? Journal of AppliedPsychology, 80(2): 153-170.
09-03.  Audia, P. G., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. 2000. Theparadox of success: An archival and a laboratory study of strategic persistencefollowing radical environment change. Academy of Management Journal,43(5): 837-853.
09-04.  Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. 2002. Impact of transformational leadership onfollower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy ofManagement Journal, 45(4): 735-744.
09-05.  Greenberg, J. & Tomlinson, E. C. 2004. Situated experimentsin organizations: Transplanting the lab to the field. Journal of Management,30(5): 703-724.
6 v; `' H& B6 P0 K09-06.  **陳曉萍等（2008）：ch6, ch7.

Issue 10: Case Studies and Qualitative Research
4 s9 A) V$ V  t. ~10-01.  Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Building theories from case studyresearch. Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 532-550.
0 |! z8 m3 w# U# J6 ~+ S' T10-02.  Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Making fast strategic decisions inhigh-velocity environment. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3):543-576.
10-03.  Morgan, G. & Smircich, L. 1980. The case forQualitative research. Academy of Management Review, 5(4): 491-500.
10-04.  Barley, S. R. 1996. Technicians in the workplace: Ethnographicevidence for bringing work into organization studies. Administrative ScienceQuarterley, 41(3): 404-441.
& T2 O3 f6 @+ [1 S* t  h10-05.  Elsbach, K. D. & Kramer, R.M. 2003. Assessing creativity inHollywood pitch meetings: Evidence for a dual-process model of creativityjudgments. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3): 283-301.
10-06.  King, N. 2004. Using interviews in organizational research. InC. Cassell and G. Symon (eds.) Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods inOrganizational Research. 11-22. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
; j0 i; ~; i% B% B, O; h10-07.  Murnighan, J. K., & Conlon, D. E. 1991. The dynamics ofintense work groups: A study of British String Quartets, AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 36: 165-186.
10-08.  Silvester, J. 2004. Attributional coding. In C. Cassell and G.Symon (eds.) Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in OrganizationalResearch. 228-241. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
$ I; I( h2 X" s3 d10-09.  陳曉萍等（2008）：ch10
10-10.  Fendt, J., & Sachs, W. (2008). Grounded theory method inmanagement research: Users' perspectives. Organizational Research Methods, 11,430-455.

Issue 11: Statistical Analysis and Inference [Discussion]
( o# i- z# |6 p' i, o$ t**Schwab: Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13
K & L: Chapters 9
11-01.  Kirk, R. E. (1996). Practical significance: A concept whosetime has come. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(5),746-759.
0 L8 t! {8 s( r% i* W11-02.  Kirk, R. E. (2001). Promoting good statistical practices: Somesuggestions. Educational and Psychological measurement, 61(2),213-218.
7 O& E+ m& L5 z11-03.  McFarland, L.A., Ryan, A. M., & Kriska, S. D. (2003).Impression management use and effectiveness across assessment methods. Journalof Management, 29(5), 641-661.
11-04.  Rauniar, R. & Shah, S. (2002). Statistical significance vs.practical (meaningful or clinical or biological) significance for academic andnon-academic research. Decision Sciences Institute 2002 Annual MeetingProceedings, 2469-2472.
  y: `2 u3 E  n11-05.  LaHuis, D.M., & Avis, J. M. (2007). Using multilevel randomcoefficient modeling to investigate rater effects in performance ratings. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 10, 97-107.
11-06.  Cashen, L., & Geiger, S. W. (2004). Statistical power andthe testing of null hypotheses: A review of contemporary management researchand recommendations for future studies. Organizational Research Methods, 7,151-167.
0 n5 K. l  N+ S$ I" k1 P$ Q
Issue 12: Basic concept of mediation and moderation
**Schwab: Chapters 11 and 19
K & L: Chapters 33 and 34
, H, n8 H  M2 i12-01.  **Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variabledistinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, andstatistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6): 1173-1182.
% r/ [7 x. Q4 g: }8 F12-02.  James, L. R. & Brett, J. M. 1984. Meidators,moderators, and test for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology,69(2): 307-321.
12-03.  Mathieu, J. E., & Taylor, S. R. 2006. Clarifying conditionsand decision points for mediational type inferences in Organizational Behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 1031-1056.
12-04.  MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. 2007.Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58: 593-614.
8 R! v9 C8 }1 \. @12-05.  **陳曉萍等（2008）：ch14

' s& c0 o0 x! U6 }+ bIssue 13: Testing mediating effects
. W& {. n' v! c1 c9 ?13-01.  Mathieu, J. E., DeShon, R. P., & Bergh, D. D. 2008.Mediational inferences in organizational research: Then, now, and beyond. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 11(2): 203-223.
, l" H0 w/ T- L13-02.  Kenny, D. A. 2008. Reflections on mediation. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 11(2): 353-358.
13-03.  James, L. 2008. On the path to mediation. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 11(2): 359-363.
3 U% G/ n2 F7 c/ C6 U/ c13-04.  MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G.,& Sheets, V. 2002. A comparison of methods to test mediation and otherintervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1): 83-104.
13-05.  Pituch, K. A., Whittaker, T. A., & Stapleton, L. M. 2005. Acomparison of methods to test for mediation in multisite experiments. MultivariateBehavioral Research, 40: 1-24.
0 `: U) Q" d' x; B13-06.  Alwin, D. F., & Hauser, R. M. 1975. The decomposition ofeffects in path analysis. American Sociological Review, 40(1): 37-47.
1 M4 {+ s* {2 D+ Q13-07.  Bobko, P., & Rieck, A. 1980. Large sample estimators forstandard errors of functions of correlation coefficients. AppliedPsychological Measurement, 4: 385-398.
13-08.  Bollen, K. A. 1987. Total direct and indirect effects instructural equation models. In C. C. Clogg (Ed.), Sociological methodology(pp. 37-69). Washington DC: American Sociological Association.
13-09.  Freedman, L. S., & Schatzkin, A. 1992. Sample size forstudying intermediate endpoints within intervention trials of observationalstudies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 136: 1148-1159.
1 d/ w! ]6 Z% _13-10.  Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1981. Process Analysis: Estimating mediationin treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5: 602-619.
1 s; K7 {8 `+ h, K- F13-11.  MacKinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. 1993. Estimating mediatedeffects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17: 144-158.
13-12.  MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. 2000.Equivalence of the mediation, confounding, and suppression effect. PreventionScience, 1: 173-181.
1 G- x; K. ]% I* Z- N1 x13-13.  MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. 1995. Asimulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate BehavioralResearch, 30: 41-62.
13-14.  Sobel, M. E. 1982. Asymptotic confidence intervals forindirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.) SociologicalMethodology 1982, (pp. 290-312). Washington, DC: American SociologicalAssociation.
  G, k& v1 N4 Y* r: Q6 {13-15.  Sobel, M. E. 1990. Effect analysis and causation in linearstructural equation models. Psychometrika, 55: 495-515.
13-16.  Hoyle, R. H., & Kenny, D. A. 1999.  Statistical power andtests of mediation.  In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Statistical strategies forsmall sample research. Newbury Park: Sage.
13-17.  MacCorquodale, K., & Meehl, P. E. 1948. On a distinctionbetween hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. PsychologicalReview, 55: 95-107.
13-18.  MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. 2007.Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58: 593-614.
13-19.  MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G.,& Sheets, V. 2002. A comparison of methods to test the significance ofthe mediated effect. Psychological Methods, 7: 83-104.
13-20.  MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J.H. 1995. A simulation study of mediated effect measures. MultivariateBehavioral Research, 30: 41-62.
0 d3 P$ L" ?! o- x) x- g' @13-21.  Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. 2002. Mediation inexperimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. PsychologicalMethods, 7: 422-445.
13-22.  Smith, E. 1982.  Beliefs, attributions, and evaluations:Nonhierarchical models of mediation in social cognition. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 43: 248-259.
13-23.  Sobel, M. E. 1982.  Asymptotic confidence intervalsfor indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.),Sociological Methodology 1982 (pp. 290-312). Washington DC: AmericanSociological Association.

6 n& |' D  q+ R: d6 j( f Issue 14: Testing moderating effects
14-01.  Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., Gavin, J. H., & Florey, A.T. 2002. Time, teams, task performance: Changing effects of surface-anddeep-level diversity on group functioning. Academy of management Journal,45(2): 1029-1045.
& B& H, y: V; N1 q14-02.  Cronbach, L. J. 1987. Statistical tests for moderatorvariables: Flaws in analyses recently proposed. Psychological Bulletin,102(3): 414-417.
" Z( {2 ^6 u8 |9 d6 }. x) M14-03.  Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & James, L. R. 2002. Neutralizing substitutes for leadershiptheory: Leadership effects and common methods bias. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 87(3): 454-464.
14-04.  Mathieu, J. E., & Taylor, S. R. 2006. Clarifying conditionsand decision points for mediational type inferences in Organizational Behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 1031-1056.
14-05.  Stone E. F. & Hollenbeck, J. R. 1989. Clarifyingcontroversial issues surrounding statistical procedures for detecting moderatorvariables: Empirical evidence and related matters. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 74(1): 3-10.
6 w5 C9 x1 u* @- j14-06.  Villa, J. R., Howell, J. P., Dorfman, P. W., Daniel, D. L.2003. Problems with detecting moderators in leadership research using moderatedmultiple regression. Leadership Quarterly, 14(1): 3-23.

Issue 15: Testing mediated moderation and moderated mediation
Schwab: Chapters 11 and 19
- o  P+ K. b5 p; ZK & L: Chapters 33 and 34
3 P1 {2 Z$ h6 E- E15-01.  Edwards, J. R. & Lambert, L. S. 2007. Methods forintegrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework usingmoderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12(1): 1-22.
15-02.  Bauer, D. J., Preacher, K. J., & Gil, K. M. 2006.Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation inmultilevel models: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods,11: 142-163.
6 w% f2 H7 B) c* V+ y7 X. t15-03.  Edwards, J. R., & Lambert L. S. 2007. Methods forintegrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework usingmoderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12: 1-22.
15-04.  Kenny, D. A., Korchmaros, J. D., & Bolger,N. 2003. Lower level mediation in multilevel models. PsychologicalMethods, 8: 115-128.
15-05.  Kraemer H. C., Wilson G. T., Fairburn C. G., & Agras W.S. 2002.  Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomizedclinical trials. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59: 877-883.
15-06.  Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). Whenmoderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 89: 852-863.
* m3 W0 h- v) C; e9 a15-07.  Krull, J. L. & MacKinnon, D. P. 1999. Multilevelmediation modeling in group-based intervention studies. EvaluationReview, 23: 418-444.
" \# ^+ D) m1 P+ Z
Issue 16: Reliability and Construct Validation
7 Y( }9 q7 B  g6 \  Y: M( oSchwab: Chapters 14 and 17
; B' @3 j! o& C. \+ _K & L: Chapter 28
0 x. a" e! |7 Y# |& N  n16-01.  Bagozzi, R. P., Edwards, J. R. 1998. A General Approach for RepresentingConstructs in Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods,1: 45-87.
16-02.  Austin, J. T., Boyle, K. A., & Lualhati, J. C. 1998.Statistical Conclusion Validity for Organizational Science Research: A Review. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 1: 164-208.
' k- C8 T* |/ U; k5 k16-03.  Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. 1959. Convergent anddivergent validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. PsychologicalBulletin, 56:81-105.
: ^  X- x9 B  b, f0 k2 U16-04.  Colquitt, J. A. 2001. On the dimensionality oforganizational justice: a construct validation of a measure, Journal ofApplied Psychology, 86:386-400.
16-05.  Cronbach, L.J. & Meehl, P. E. 1955. Construct validityin psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 32(4): 281-302.
' Q# @' w, _  O9 r* @" w16-06.  Schriesheim, C. A., & Powers, K. J. 1993. Improvingconstruct measurement in management research: Comments and a quantitativeapproach for assessing the theoretical content adequacy of paper-and-pencilsurvey-type instruments. Journal of Management, 19(2): 385-417.
16-07.  Schwab, D. P. 1980. Construct validity in organizationalbehavior. In Staw B. M. & Cummings L. L. (Eds.) Research inOrganizational Behavior, 2, Greenwich, Con: JAI Press Inc. 3-43.
" k! X) Z8 @- }3 u0 z( e
Issue 17: Common Method Variance
**Schwab: Chapters 16, 17, 18 and 20
7 t5 n; |2 V8 a. z  t17-01.  **彭台光, 高月慈, 林鉦棽 2006. 管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23(1): 77-98.
' i4 n- y1 T+ [/ \6 L0 D# |17-02.  Doty, D. H. &Glick, W. H. 1998. Common methods bias: Does common methods variance reallybias results? Organizational Research Methods, 1(4): 374-406.
/ r" S  o- M6 n; m17-03.  Goffin, R. D. & Gellatly, I. R. 2001. A multi-raterassessment of organizational commitment: Are self-report measures biased? Journalof Organizational Behavior, 22: 437-451.
17-04.  Kemery, E. R. & Dunlap, W. P. 1986. Partialling factorscores does not control method variance: A reply to Podsakoff and Todor.Journal of Management, 12(4): 525-530.
  H5 {8 a, v) r3 r17-05.  Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff,N. P. 2003. Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review ofthe literature and recommended remedies, Journal of Applied Psychology,88: 879-903.
7 a' _- W4 T1 r) [7 K* x17-06.  Podsakoff, P. M. & Organ, D. W. 1986. Self-reports in organizational researchroblems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4): 531-544.
17-07.  Schmidt, F. L. & Hunter, J. E. 1996. Measurement error in psychologicalresearch: Lessons from 26 research scenarios. Psychological Methods, 1:199-223.
17-08.  Spector, P. E. & Brannick, M. T. 1995). The nature andeffects of method variance in organizational research. International Reviewof international and organizational Psychology, 10: 249-274.
17-09.  Spector, P. E. 2006. Method variance in organizationalresearch: Truth or urban legend. Organizational Research Methods, 9(2):221-232.

+ N" }( w5 ^& Q# n) _- \Issue 18: Data Non-independence
$ v0 _5 C1 U9 l0 g' g18-01.  Glick, W. H., & Roberts, K. H. 1984. Hypothesized interdependence, assumedindependence. Academy of Management Review, 9: 722–735.
- i/ C) e! u7 F+ X" F1 H18-02.  Kenny, D. A. 1995. The effect of nonindependence onsignificance testing in dyadic research. Personal Relationships, 2:67-75.
) c4 F" ]9 c' F4 L) i" q18-03.  Kenny, D.A. & Judd, C. M. 1986. Consequences ofviolating the interdependence assumption in analysis of variance. PsychologicalBulletin, 99: 422-431.
18-04.  Bliese, P. & Hanges, P. J. 2004. Being too liberal and tooconservative: The perils of treating grouped data as though they wereindependent. Organizational Research Methods, 7: 400-417.
18-05.  彭台光 & 林鉦棽 2008. 組織現象和層次議題: 非獨立性資料的概念和實徵. 組織與管理, 1(1): 95-121.
18-06.  Klein, K. J., Dansereau, F., & Hall, R. J. 1995. On thelevel: Homogeneity, independence, heterogeneity, and interactions inorganizational theory. Academy of Management Review, 20: 7-9.
) e* U# o- e1 J2 v& A  B- R1 _18-07.  Kenny, D. A., Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., Livi, S., &Kashy, D. A. 2002. The statistical analysis of data from small groups.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 126-137.

Issue 19: The Culture Factor (Cross-cultural and IndigenousResearch)
1 _8 Z( w8 k3 Z/ m: C19-01.  Adler, N. A., Campbell, N. & Laurent, A. 1989. In search ofappropriate methodology: From outside the People’s Republic of China lookingin. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 61-74.
19-02.  Boisot, M. & Child. J. 1996. From fiefs to clans andnetwork capitalism: Explaining China’s emerging economic order. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 41(4): 600-628.
2 ~: c8 \5 ?+ {4 c/ `19-03.  Chen, C. C., Chen, Y. R., & Xin, K. 2004. Guanxi practicesand trust in management: A procedural justice perspective. OrganizationScience, 15: 200-209.
19-04.  Farh, J. L., Tsui, A. S., Xin, K., & Cheng, B. S. 1998. Theinfluence of relational demography and guanxi: The Chinese case. OrganizationScience, 9: 471-488.
& C! Y6 E  R7 a, r! b/ U  ^19-05.  Farh, J. L. & Cheng, B. S. 2000. A cultural analysis ofpaternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J. T. Li, A. S. Tsui,& E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context.London: MacMillan, 2000: 84-127.
$ |! [. j" `8 h+ Y6 J19-06.  Hwang, K. K. 1987. Face and favor: The Chinese power game. AmericanJournal of Sociology, 92(4): 944-974.
- h% A& k6 ^0 E! @1 b* V19-07.  Leung, K. & Bond, M. 1989. On the empirical identificationof dimensions for cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Cross-CulturalPsychology, 20, 2, 133-151.
19-08.  Schaffer, B.S. 2003. A review of cross-cultural methodologiesfor organizational research: A best-practices approach. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 6(2): 169-215.
4 E7 x6 u$ a: m" {) n8 L8 y19-09.  楊國樞(主編) 1993。「本土心理學的開展」 (本土心理學研究第一期)，台北：台灣大學心理系本土心理學研究室。
3 @9 h3 \' t- ?3 v
19-10.  楊國樞(主編) 1996。「本土心理學方法論」(本土心理學研究第八期)，台北：台灣大學心理系本土心理學研究室。
" c; }# [  B& I. a  W; j' |
% X8 i5 p! Z% k& G$ h0 j' }19-11.  陳曉萍等（2008）：Ch4: 建構華人管理學理論的機會與挑戰
; ^. D, Y, p+ g* u9 b' i3 v" e
19-12.  陳曉萍等（2008）：ch17
19-13.  Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oraland written materials. In H. C. Triandis, & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbookof cross-cultural psychology. Vol. 2: Methodology (pp. 389^I44).Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon.
3 ]+ ?& P7 K' z7 N: q19-14.  Tsui, A. (2004). Contributing to global managementknowledge: A case for high quality indigenous research. Asia PacificJournal of Management, 21, 491-513.
- v1 O3 C' H: [1 K$ x
Issue 20: Structural Equation Modeling
" k, @0 `3 j# Y5 C$ y6 kK & L: Chapter 35.
& A( c3 g- U: L! H20-01.  林清山 1984。「線性結構關係」(LISREL)電腦程式。中國測驗年會測驗學刊，31:149-164。
4 [- N4 e! g3 f3 b; w  J20-02.  Feldt, T., Kivimaki, M., Rantala, A., & Tolvanen, A. 2004.Sense of coherence and work characteristics: A cross-lagged structural equationmodeling with managers. Journal of Occupational and OrganizationalPsychology, 77: 323-342.
5 ?! t* e1 j: S6 F( h/ I20-03.  Jonge, J. de, Dormann, C., Janssen, P. P. M., Dollard, M. F.,Landeweerd, J. A., & Nijhuis, F. J. N. 2001. Testing reciprocalrelationships between job characteristics and psychological well-being: Across-lagged structural equation model. Journal of Occupational and OrganizationalPsychology, 74: 29-46.
20-04.  Kenny, D. A., & Kashy, D. A. 1992. Analysis ofmultitrait-multimethod matrix by confirmatory factor analysis. PsychologicalBulletin, 112: 165-172.
, w1 q" v$ M  p8 [20-05.  Lytle, A. L., Brett, J. M., Barsness, Z. I., Tinsley, C.H.,& Janssens, M. 1995. A paradigm for confirmatory cross-cultural research inorganizational behavior. Research in Organization Behavior, 17: 167-214.
3 h. M$ i% Q5 A* f8 b- \/ Z) x20-06.  Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. 1994. An alternativeapproach to method effects using latent-variable models: Applications inorganizational behavior research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3):323-331.
9 x" ~' l3 q4 f1 J+ @9 W/ ]0 k  p: d20-07.  Williams, L. J. & Brown, B. K. 1994. Method Variance inorganizational behavior and human resources research: Effects on correlations,path coefficients, and hypothesis testing. Organizational Behavior and HumanDecision Process. 57: 185-209.
4 p1 V0 @/ j7 k1 d9 H; M; p20-08.  Meade, A. W., & Kroustalis, C. M. 2006. Problems with itemparceling for comfirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 9: 369-403.
1 `0 w1 X# Z0 ^20-09.  陳曉萍等（2008）：ch13

9 c4 O' E  ]! O( fIssue 21: Level as Knowing: Holism
' r1 T% |: t" ^. o; h2 w21-01.  Courgeau, D. 2003. General introduction. In D. Courgeau (Ed.), Methodologyand Epistemology of multilevel analysis: Approaches from different socialsciences (pp.1-23). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
21-02.  Butz, M. R. 1997. Chaos and complexity: Implications forpsychological theory and practice (Chapter 1, pp. 3-24). London: Taylor& Francis.
21-03.  Barton, S. 1994. Chaos, self-organization, and psychology. AmericanPsychologist, 49: 5-14.
2 K' S- ]/ @- v& }1 j+ g. e21-04.  Pinder, C.C., & Bourgeois, V.W. 1982. Controlling tropes inadministrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27: 641-652.
' ]. k' J% N3 D3 K; e21-05.  Morgan, G. (1983). More on metaphor: Why we cannot controltropes in administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28:601-607.
21-06.  Bourgeois, V.W., & Pinder, C.C. 1983. Contrastingphilosophical perspectives in administrative science: A reply to Morgan. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28:608-613.
21-07.  Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology oforganizations. NY: Wiley (Chapters 1-3, pp. 1-68).
21-08.  von Bertalanffy, L. 1972. The history and status of generalsystems theory. In G.J. Klir (Ed.), Trends in general systems theory(pp. 21-41). NY: Wiley.
% B- o! m! n" C% }21-09.  von Bertalanffy, L. 1968. General system theory. NY:Braziller (Chapters 1 & 2, pp. 3-53).
+ ^  h" Z2 o* u" m* B7 T/ r! o3 A21-10.  Miller, J. G. 1978. Living systems. NY: McGraw-Hill(Preface, Chapter 2, pp. 9-50).

Issue 22: Level Fallacies
6 p* H1 q6 j" Z7 n7 N22-01.  Allport, F. H. (1924). The group fallacy in relation tosocial science. JournalofAbnormal and SocialPsychology, 19(1), 60-73.
' l, A2 r5 d( ^  P5 K, K22-02.  Allport, F. H. (1924). Dicsussion: The group fallacy inrelation to social science. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 19(2),185-191.
22-03.  **Thorndike, E. L. (1939). On the fallacy of imputing thecorrelations found for groups to the individuals or smaller groups composingthem. American Journal of Psychology, 52, 122-124.
22-04.  Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological correlations and thebehavior of individuals. American Sociological Review, 15,351-357.
* G1 v* I: {" @& D4 K( `22-05.  **Schwartz, S. (1994). The fallacy of the ecological fallacy:The potential misuse of a concept and the consequences. American Journal ofPublic Health, 84, 819-824.
22-06.  Hammond, J. L. (1973). Two sources of error in ecologicalcorrelations. American Sociological Review, 38(6), 764-777.
& Y' }9 O4 U  H* X  F
Issue 23: Multilevel Nature of Organizational Phenomena
4 |9 t& m; i* Y; }( x. X! j9 _- V23-01.  James, L. R., & Jones, A. P. 1974. Organizationalclimate: A review of theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 81:1096-1112.
3 `) ]! ?2 C8 i  H/ S23-02.  Simon, H.A. 1973. The organization of complex systems. In H.H.Pattee (Ed.), Hierarchy theory (pp. 1-27). NY: Braziller.
# Z- B& G& H2 C* V5 G2 r4 q23-03.  Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Doherty, M. L. 1989. Integrationof leadership and climate: Examination of a neglected issue. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 74(4): 546-553.
' B) T, R+ u$ ?. D4 w0 q23-04.  Rousseau, D. M. l978. Characteristics of departmentspositions, and individuals: Contexts for attitudes and behavior. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 23: 52l-540.
- ^! I0 J1 T) Y23-05.  **Feldman, D. C. 1984. The development and enforcement ofgroup norms. Academy of Management Review, 9: 47-53.
4 w  a% `! u( Y: b23-06.  Johns, G. 1999. A multi-level theory of self-serving behaviorin and by organizations. In Sutton, R. I., & Staw, B. M. (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior,21: 1-38.
23-07.  Weingart, L. 1997. How did they do that? The ways and means ofstudying group process. In Staw B. M., & Cummings L. L. (Eds.), Research inOrganizational Behavior, 19: 189-239.
23-08.  Horwitz, S. K., & Horwitz, I. B. (2007). The effects ofteam diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic analysis of team demography.Journal of Management, 33, 6, 987-1005.
3 l9 V. N/ ?5 L/ Y1 o9 e! K23-09.  Johns, G. 2001. In praise of context. Journal ofOrganizational Behavior, 22: 31-42.
23-10.  Brass, D. J. l98l. Structural relationships, jobcharacteristics, and worker satisfaction and performance. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 26, 33l-348.
23-11.  Rousseau, D. M. 1978. Measures of technology as predictorsof employee attitude. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63: 213-218.
23-12.  Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Farr, J. L. 1988. An integrativemodel of updating and performance. Human Performance, 1: 5-29.
23-13.  Staw, B. M., Sandelands, L. E., & Dutton, J. E. 1981.Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, 26, 501-524.
1 M1 k7 G, m) x5 e! D" y: R23-14.  **Ostroff, C. 1992. The relationship between satisfaction,attitudes, and performance: An organizational level analysis. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 77(6): 963-974.

3 k1 G( w9 s) Q5 a9 Q" C$ Z2 ~Issue 24: Levels in Theory Building
' t! Y2 N, }1 `- \/ w/ o! Q& [' A% s24-01.  Hitt, M. A., Beamish, P. W., Jackson, S. E., & Mathieu, J.E. 2007. Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevelresearch in management. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6): 1385-1399.
) `2 i* R7 a: o9 d4 N& v24-02.  Klein, K. J., Cannella, A., & Tosi, H. 1999. Multileveltheory: Challenges and contributions. Academy of Management Review, 24,243-248.
& J+ }' N8 f- \' k8 p) f- ^; m24-03.  Dansereau, F., Yammarino, F. J., & Kohles, J. C. 1999. Multiple levelsof analysis from a longitudinal perspective: Some implications for theorybuilding. Academy of Management Journal, 24: 346-357.
% ]$ m3 b. @! O8 F24-04.  Klein, K., Dansereau, F. & Hall, R. 1994. Level issuesin theory development, data collection, and analysis. Academy of ManagementReview, 19, 195-229.
" a: o7 d9 g/ f# u24-05.  George, J. M., & James, L. R. 1994. Levels issues in theory development. Academyof Management Review, 19: 639-640. (Critique of Klein et al., 1994)
24-06.  Klein, K., Dansereau, F. & Hall, R. 1994. On the level:Homogeneity, independence, heterogeneity, and interactions in organizationtheory. Academy of Management Review, 20: 7-17. (Response to George & James, 1994)
24-07.  Rousseau, D. M. (1985). Issues of level in organizationalresearch: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives. Research inOrganizational Behavior, 7: 1-37.
24-08.  Mossholder, K. W. & Bedeian, A. G.. 1983. Cross-level inference andorganizational research: Perspectives on interpretation and application.Academy of Management Review, 8(4): 547-558.
24-09.  Glick, W. H. (1980). Problems in cross-level inference. In K.H.Roberts & L. Burstein (eds.) Issues in Aggregation. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass. 17-30.
24-10.  Roberts, K. H., Hulin, C. L., & Rousseau, D. M. 1978. Developing an interdisciplinaryscience of organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass (Chapters 1-3, pp.1-80).
24-11.  Behling, O. 1978. Some problems in the philosophy of science oforganizations. Academy of Management Review, 3: 193-201.
5 |! [; G/ S5 S! R2 \
Issue 25: Meso Paradigm: An Integral Perspective
25-01.  **Hackman, J. R. 2003. Learning more by cross level: Evidencefrom airplanes, hospitals, and orchestras. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 24: 905-922.
25-02.  **House, R. J., Rousseau, D.M., & Thomas-Hunt, M. 1995. The mesoparadigm: A framework for the integration of micro and macro organizationalbehavior. In Staw, B. M., & Cummings, L. L. (Eds.), Research inOrganizational Behavior, 17: 71-114.
25-03.  Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. 1982. Toward a macro-orientedmodel of leadership: An odyssey, In J.G. Hunt, U. Sekaran, & C. Schrieshiem(Eds.), Leadership: Beyond Establishment Views, Carbondale, IL: SouthernIllinois University Press.
% d- Y9 v. A0 s! a25-04.  Hofmann, D. A., & Stetzer, A. 1996. A cross-levelinvestigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. PersonnelPsychology, 49: 307-338.
5 O2 s6 q# `( I" N2 v% M* y' G2 M25-05.  Glick, W.H. 1985. Conceptualizing and measuring organizationaland psychological climate: Pitfalls of multilevel research. Academy ofManagement Review, 10: 601-610.
25-06.  Tosi, H. 1992. The organization and the environment: The E/Olink in the model. The Environment/Organization/Person Contingency Model: AMeso Approach to the Study of Organizations. 29-66. Greenwich, Conn: JAI.
25-07.  Cappelli, P., & Sherer, P. 1991. The missing role ofcontext in OB: The need for a meso-level approach. In Staw, B. M., & Cummings, L. L. (Eds.), Research inOrganizational Behavior, 13: 55-110.

Issue 26: Extending Multilevel Organizational Theory
26-01.  **Kozlowski, S.W.J. & Kline, K. 2000. A multilevel approach to theory andresearch in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In K.and K, 3-90.
0 m3 d" r% g. X2 f0 o% L26-02.  Klein, K., Palmer, S. L., Conn, A. B. 2000. InterorganizationalRelationships: A multilevel perspective. In K. and K. 267-307.
( l" H+ y7 j0 F- B4 l0 A; a26-03.  Chao, G. T. 2000. Multilevel issues and culture: An integrativeview. In K. & K. 308-346.
1 s' H+ z% {( D% `
# z0 X& B- q2 |% N, g2 L/ S7 UIssue 27: Research Design in Multilevel Research
27-01.  **林鉦棽 & 彭台光 2006。多層次管理研究：分析層次的概念、理論和方法。管理學報，23(6): 649-675.
27-02.  **Hofmann, D.A. 2002. Issues in multilevel research: Theorydevelopment, measurement, and analysis. In S.G. Rogelberg’s(ed.) Handbook of Research Methods inIndustrial and Organizational Psychology. 247-274. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
1 u" H3 t6 h3 t' I2 o; L27-03.  Kline, K. J. &Kozlowski, S. J. 2000. From micro to meso: Critical stepsin conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. OrganizationalResearch methods, 3(3): 211-236.
5 A* C0 e2 ^; F2 q" Y- _) T3 ]
/ h+ l6 \1 N8 h9 |: t0 {( {Issue 28: Phenomena from Micro to Macro: An Emerging Process
; K, X8 c6 b5 d28-01.  Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. 1999. The structure and function ofcollective constructs: Implications for multilevel research and theorydevelopment. Academy of Management Review, 24: 249-265.
1 i/ T6 Q3 o+ f) O0 a28-02.  Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. 1978. A social information processing approachto job attitudes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23: 224-253.
28-03.  Schneider, B. 1987. The people make the place. PersonnelPsychology, 40, 437-453.
( m1 T' h( j0 \+ d6 ^) a$ ]28-04.  Schneider, B. 1995. The ASA framework: An update. PersonnelPsychology, 48, 747-773.
28-05.  Walter, F., & Bruch, H. 2008. The positive group affectspiral: A dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity inwork groups. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 29, 239-261.
/ J" e3 M, M6 ?' a0 ~( {) m$ z
5 H9 K& y: _7 H/ pIssue 29: Measurement and Aggregation
2 d( W" x) e% ^' a29-01.  Bartko, J. J. 1976. On various intraclass correlationreliability coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 83(5): 762-765.
" M3 G5 m$ K/ p6 F- n29-02.  Burke, M. J. & Dunlap, W. P. 2002. Estimating interrateragreement with the average deviation index: A user’s guide. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 5(2): 159-172.
29-03.  James, L. R. l982. Aggregation bias in estimates ofperceptual agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67: 2l9-229.
29-04.  **James, L.R., Demaree, R.G., & Wolf, G. 1984. Estimatingwith-group reliability with and without response bias. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 69(1): 85-98.
. o9 A5 v1 ^. d! ^0 v3 F29-05.  James, L.R., Demaree, R.G., & Wolf, G. 1993. Rwg: Anassessment of within-group interrater agreement. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 78(2): 306-309.
2 S' x- `! q$ T9 N5 U" a& l29-06.  Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Hattrup, K. 1992. A disagreementabout within-group agreement: Disentangling issues of consistency versusconsensus. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(2): 161-167.
. `3 V6 |$ z& a* L29-07.  Ostroff, C, 1993. Comparing correlations based onindividual-level and aggregated data. Journal of Applied Psychology,78(2): 569-582.
29-08.  Freeman, J. 1980. The unit problem in organizational research.In W.M. Evan (Ed.), Frontiers in organization and management (pp.59-68). NY: Praeger.
3 o9 ^9 }# ]# K8 F6 }6 K) ?29-09.  Campbell, D. T. 1958. Common fate, similarity, and otherindices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities.Behavioral Science, 3: 14-25.
29-10.  Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Hults, B. M. l987. Anexploration of climates for technical updating and performance. PersonnelPsychology, 40: 539-563.
29-11. Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. 1989. Interrater reliability coefficientscannot be computed when only one stimulus is rated. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 74: 368-370.
29-12.  Bliese, P. 2000. Within-group agreement, non-independence, andreliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. In K. J. Klein& S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research and methods inorganizations (349-381). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
& k$ o' \2 j# l% F29-13.  Bliese, P. D. 1998. Group size, ICC values, and group-levelcorrelations: A simulation. Organizational Research Methods, 1: 355-373.
29-14.  Bliese, P. D., & Halverson, R. R. 1998. Group size andmeasures of group-level properties: An examination of eta-squared and ICCvalues. Journal of Management, 24: 157-172.
4 _" F/ z  V2 I& p, F29-15.  Bliese, P. D. & Hanges, P. J. 2004. Being too liberal andtoo conservative: The perils of treating grouped data as though they wereindependent. Organizational Research Methods, 7: 400-417.
29-16.  **Castro, S. L. 2002. Data analytic methods for the analysis ofmultilevel questions: A comparison of intraclass correlation coefficients,rwg(j), hierarchical linear modeling, within- and between-analysis, and randomgroup resampling.Leadership Quarterly, 13: 69-93.
9 ~3 H7 x* D# K, i5 c29-17.  Lindell, M. K., & Brandt, C. J. 2000. Climate quality andclimate consensus as mediators of the relationship between organizationalantecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85: 331–348.
29-18.  Lindell, M. K., Brand, C. J., & Whitney, D. J. 1999. Arevised index of interrater agreement for multitem rating of a single target.Applied Psychological Measurement, 23: 127-135.
* v7 I- z$ |9 Q" }4 {- J29-19.  McGraw, K. O. & Wong, S. P. 1996. Forming inferences aboutsome intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1:30–46.
. a3 m5 p0 w7 o+ s- N9 P29-20.  Bliese P. D., Halverson, R. R., & Rothberg, J. M. 1994.Within-group agreement scores: Using resampling procedures to estimate expectedvariance. Academy Management Best Paper Proceeding, 306-307.
8 I  Y$ E, \+ p6 E3 v29-21.  Burke, M. J., Finkelstein, L. M., & Dusig, M. S. 1999. Onaverage deviation indices for estimating interrater agreement.Organizational Research Methods, 2(1): 49-68.

Issue 30: Approaches to Multilevel Data Analysis
3 s+ j) B8 h' o7 y% S! D) e30-01.  Firebaugh, G. 1979. Assessing group effects: A comparison oftwo methods. Sociological Methods and Research, 7: 384-395.
30-02.  James, L. R., & Williams, L. 2000. The cross-level operator in regression,ANCOVA, and contextual analysis. In K. & K. 382-424.
6 Y' Y* i0 P" P3 ^1 j+ W) d% h30-03.  George, J. M. 1990. Personality, affect, and behavior ingroups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 107-116.
- Y( f0 q" ]) h$ m5 z2 R" s30-04.  Yammarino, F. J., & Markham, S. E. 1992. On theapplication of within and between analysis: Are absence and affect reallygroup-based phenomenon? Journal of Applied Psychology, 77: 168-176.
30-05.  George, J. M., & James, L. R. 1993. Personality, affect, and behavior ingroups revisited: Comment on aggregation, level of analysis, and recentapplication of within and between analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78:798-804.
% i& Z' h8 G0 Y- X0 P9 c, U30-06.  **Chan, D. 1998. Functional relations among constructs in thesame content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of compositionmodels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 234-246.
30-07.  Leung, K. & Bond, M. H. 1989. On the empiricalidentifications of dimensions of cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Cross-CulturalPsychology, 20(2): 133-151.
30-08.  Peterson, M. F. & Castro, S. 2006. Measurement metrics ataggregate levels of analysis: Implications for organization culture researchand the GLOBE project. Leadership Quarterly, 17: 506-521.
) g: p) ^* m8 s30-09.  Dansereau, F., Yammarino, F. J., & Kohles, J. 1999. Multiple levels ofanalysis from a longitudinal perspective: Some implications for theorybuilding. Academy of Management Review, 24: 346-357.
7 S2 O' w0 d4 A  {& Z- X9 ?30-10.  **Klein, K. J., Bliese, P. D., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Dansereau, F., Gavin, M. B., Griffin,M. A., Hofmann, D. A., James, L. R., Yammarino, F. J., & Bligh, M. C. 2000 Multilevelanalytical techniques: Commonalities, differences, and continuing questions.In K. & K. 512-553.

Issue 31: Introduction to HLM
31-01.  **Hofmann, D. A. 1997. An overview of the logic and rationaleof HLM. Journal of Management. 23(6): 723-744.
31-02.  Hofmann, D. A. & Griffin, M. A., Gavin, M. B. 2000. Theapplication of hierarchical linear modeling to organizational research. In K.& K. 467-511.
31-03.  **Hofmann, D. A., & Gavin, M. B. 1998. Centeringdecisions in hierarchical linear models: Implications for research inorganizations. Journal of Management, 24: 623-641.
31-04.  Klein, K. J., Conn, A. B., Smith, D. B., & Sorra, J. S. (2001). Is everyonein agreement? An exploration of within-group agreement in employee perceptionsof the work environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 3-16.
3 b8 a( z4 L" L0 m  O$ f
Issue 32: Empirical Examples of HLM
9 Z) A, E6 M/ C32-01.  Bloom, M., & Milkovich, G. 1998. Relationships among risk,incentive pay, and organizational performance. Academy of ManagementJournal, 41: 283-297.
# |& S9 b+ K( o  k0 [- n32-02.  **Cole, M. S. & Bedeian, A. G. 2007. Leadership consensus as a cross-levelcontextual moderator of the emotion exhaustion-work commitment relationship. LeadershipQuarterly, 18: 447-462.
% c9 d# S. ^3 l  B/ ]9 y( Q32-03.  Eyring, J. D., Johnson, D. S., & Francis, D. J. 1993. Across-level units-of-analysis approach to individual differences in skillacquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78: 805-815.
* {, U+ s+ y* g32-04.  Gavin, M. B., & Hofmann, D. A. 2002. Using hierarchical linear modeling toinvestigate the moderating influence of leadership climate. LeadershipQuarterly, 13: 15-33.
) O. s% X7 B, V: R% ]" c32-05.  **Erhart, M. G. 2004. Leadership and procedural justice climateas antecedents of unit-level organizational citizenship behavior. PersonnelPsychology, 57: 61-94.
32-06.  Glission, C., & James, L. R. 2002. The cross-level effects of culture andclimate in human service teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23:767-794.
# i( f9 r6 q+ C: q32-07.  Hofmann, D. A., & Jones, L. M. 2005. Leadership,collective personality, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,90: 509-522.
$ n$ Z) A( u6 S: D7 r! D32-08.  Kark, R., Shamir, B., Chen, G. 2003. The two faces oftransformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency.Journal ofApplied Psychology, 88(2): 246-255.
9 o$ O5 q+ e5 J0 i5 S32-09.  Kidwell, R. E., Mossholder, K.W., & Bennett, N. 1997.Cohesiveness and organizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysisusing work groups and individuals. Journal of Management, 23: 775-793.
32-10.  Paris, L. 2004. The effects of gender and culture on implicitleadership theories: A cross-cultural study. William H. Newman Award, Academyof Management meeting. (Award given to a single-authored paper based ondissertation)
' U4 H7 g% a7 i& X- D32-11.  Sacco, J. M., & Schmitt, N. 2005. A dynamic multilevel model of demographicdiversity and misfit effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2):203-231.
* ?) _- Q, w1 E) ]/ e( N3 l, S32-12.  Steensma, H. K., Marino, L., & Dickson, P. H. 2000. Theinfluence of national cultural on the formation of technology alliances byentrepreneurial firms. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 951-973.
1 o7 ~8 d5 f7 M/ o* q( c32-13.  Steward, G. L., Fulmer, I. S., & Barrick, M. R. 2005. Anexploration of member roles as a multilevel linking mechanism for individualtraits and team outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 58: 343-365.
32-14.  Vancouver, J. B. 1997. The application of HLM to the analysisof the dynamic interaction of environment, person and behavior. Journal ofManagement, 23: 795-818.
32-15.  Whitener, E. M. 2001. Do “high commitment” human resource practicesaffect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linearmodeling. Journal of Management, 27: 515-535.

Issue 33: Extended Issues in Multilevel Research
33-01.  Brass, D. J. 2000. Networks and Frog Ponds: Trends inmultilevel research. In K.& K. 557-571.
7 L4 g. q. N. O& d; h# N% l33-02. Rousseau, D. M. 2000. Multilevel competencies and missinglinkages. In K. & K. 572-582.
2 S  q- V  B, q- J8 @33-03.  Dansereau, F., Yammarino, F. J., & Kohles, J. C. 1999. Multiple levelsof analysis from a longitudinal perspective: Some implications for theorybuilding. Academy of Management Journal, 24: 346-357.
7 d0 R# r; d& [33-04.  Chen, G., Mathieu, J. E., & Bliese, P. D. 2004. Aframework for conducting multilevel construct validation. In F. J. Yammarino& F. Dansereau (Eds.), Research inmultilevel issues: Multilevel issues in organizational behavior and processes (Vol.3): 273-303. Elsevier: Oxford, U.K.
33-05.  Mathieu, J. E., & Taylor, S. E. 2007. A framework fortesting meso-mediational relationships in Organizational Behavior. Journalof Organizational Behavior, 28: 141-172.
! M1 c# O, B) n7 R33-06.  Krull, J. L. & Mackinnon, D. P. 2001. Multilevel modelingof individual and group level mediated effects. Multivariate BehavioralResearch, 36(2): 249-277.

Issue 34: Report Writing and Paper Review
Schwab: Chapters 15 and 21
! S4 r7 W) ]6 I# r" x6 j# S0 y34-01.  應用心理學刊給審稿者的一封信
7 A, X) P0 V9 L4 K- c8 x4 j34-02.  Judge, T. A., Cable, D. M., Colbert, A.E., & Rynes, S.L. 2007. What cause a management article to becited—Article, author, or journal? Academy of Management Journal, 50(3):491-506.
34-03.  Bartunek, J. M., Rynes, S. L., & Ireland, R. D. 2006. What makes a management researchinteresting and why does it matter? Academy of Management Journal,49(1): 9-15.
34-04.  **Tsui, A. 2005. Guidelines on writing a research manuscript.(one page handout).
! N6 ^( T7 G( z34-05.  Bacharach, S. B. 1989. Organizational theories: Somecriteria for evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 14(4): 496-515.
34-06.  **Daft, R. L. 1995. Why I recommended that your manuscript berejected and what you can do about it. In L.L. Cummings & P.J. Frost(eds.), Publishing in the Organizational Science, 2nd ed.,164-182. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
/ G" X4 {3 J3 p& U7 Z34-07.  **Feldman, D. C. 2004a. The devil in the details: Convertinggood research into publishable articles. Journal of Management, 30(1):1-6.
5 o8 `. x& \# S/ h9 |4 g7 V34-08.  Feldman, D. C. 2004b. Being a developmental reviewer:Easier said than done. Journal of Management, 30(2): 161-164.
34-09.  Feldman, D. C. 2004c. Negotiating the revision process. Journalof Management, 30(3): 305-307.
4 u. `- U0 C3 T$ u34-10.  Lee, A.S. 1995. Reviewing a manuscript for publication. Journalof Operations Management, 13(1): 87-92.
/ o) x! {; s! [) @& T& P0 f& c
Issue 35: Wrap-up: Alternatives to Positivism
35-01.  **童元方2003. 追蹤天才之源。
水流花靜---科學與詩的對話。
* C$ G+ R  f1 m1 z' vP.121~139.台北:天下文化。
5 A9 o2 p( _# F0 L; F2 h35-02.  Smith, K. G., & Hitt, M. A. 2005. Learning how to developtheories from the masters. In K.G. Smith & M.A. Hitt (Eds.) Great mindsin management: The process of theory development, pp. 573-588. New York:Oxford University Press.
35-03.  Bartunek, J. M., & Seo, M. G. 2002. Qualitativeresearch can add new meanings to quantitative research. Journal ofOrganizational Behavior, 23: 237-242.
/ t; y$ H6 U( ^# X; s+ P! |35-04.  Burrell, G. & Morgan, G. 1979. Assumptions about the nature of Science. SociologicalParadigms and Organizational Analysis. 1-9. Portsmouth, NH: HeinemannEducational Books.
8 Z1 e$ G- }( }6 e6 Q. R6 `35-05.  Canella, A. A. Jr., & Paetzold, R. L. 1994. Pfeffer’sbarriers to the advance of organizational science: A rejoinder. Academy ofManagement Review. 19(2): 331-341.
! P4 X; z$ w. T/ J+ N2 n35-06.  Cohen, J. 1990. Things I have learned (so far). AmericanPsychologist, 45(12): 1304-1312.
35-07.  Journal of Management. 1985. Special issue onorganizational symbolism. 11(2).
- W% I2 }9 E+ L) ^35-08.  Pfeffer, J. 1993. Barriers to the advance of organizationalscience: Paradigm development as a dependent variable. Academy of ManagementReview. 18: 599-620.
* O, E; @' M, t. ?5 l35-09.  **Prasad, A. & Prasad, P. 2002. The coming of age ofinterpretive organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 5(1):4-11. (A special issue on interpretive genres of organizational researchmethods)
35-10.  Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. 2000. A Review andSynthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, andRecommendations for Organizational Research. Organizational ResearchMethods, 3: 4-70.
2 f$ g% D2 V& H- p35-11.  Vandenberg, R. J. 2002. Toward a Further Understanding ofand Improvement in Measurement Invariance Methods and Procedures. OrganizationalResearch Methods, 5: 139-158.
35-12.  Hitt, M. A., Gimono, J., & Hoskinsson, R. E. 1998. Currentand Future Research in Strategic Management. Organizational ResearchMethods, 1: 6-44.
35-13.  Chan, D. 1998. The conceptualization and analysis of changeover time. Organizational Research Methods, 1(4): 418-489.
0 c6 _' p1 G. B3 N) f3 Z35-14.  **Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. 2006. Thesources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say? OrganizationalResearch Methods, 9: 202-220.

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jkliang

是彭台光老師的課，內容看起來相當充實。

houhuiqing

向Kenny致敬！

rockymu

好的信息来源，谢谢kenny！！

motech

非常好的研究方法学习资料，thank you Kenny!!

kisyorange

谢谢kenneth老师：）

reddyrunny

非常感谢Kenneth老师，您真的太伟大了。向您致敬！

spring607

回复 1楼 Kenneth 的帖子
1 Z4 `. J4 ^2 @$ A, ]6 f- f
你真是太伟大了，拥抱你！！！
0 }, F9 \7 J3 S% Z2 p   

kangfei1060

哇，这个太好啦，非常感谢